Silicon
Silicon is a semi-metal and therefore a semiconductor and the second most common element on earth. The development of transistor technology, integrated circuits and solar technology would be impossible without it.
The name comes from the Latin word "Silex" for pebble or flint stone. It is used in steel production to produce low-viscosity melts and to increase the yield strength, tensile strength and scaling resistance of steel. It also inhibits carbide formation.
The influence of silicon on the mechanical properties of steel:
| Property | Influence | Degree |
|---|---|---|
| Rust resistance | no bearing | 0 |
| Hardness | Improvement | + 1 |
| Strength | Improvement | + 1 |
| Yield strength | Improvement | + 2 |
| Elasticity | Improvement | + 3 |
| Heat resistance | Improvement | + 1 |
| Carbide formation | Decrease | - 1 |
| Wear resistance | Decrease | - 3 |
| Nitratability | Decrease | - 1 |
| Strain | Decrease | - 1 |
| Reduction of area | no bearing | 0 |
| Notched Impact Strength | Decrease | - 1 |
| Forgeability | Decrease | - 1 |
| Scaling | Decrease | - 1 |
| Machinability | Decrease | - 1 |
Trivia
On the moon there is a disc of silicon on which messages from over 70 heads of state have been engraved. This disk was brought to the moon by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin during the Apollo 11 mission. Unlike other materials, silicon can withstand the enormous temperature swings on Earth's satellite.
See also
Aluminium
Aluminium can be formed and machined extremely well. It is particularly suitable for lightweight constructions.
Read moreBauxite
Here you can find out why aluminium was discovered so late and how aluminium can be produced.
Read moreCarbon
The carbon concentration influences the hardness of steels. In this way, the right steel can be found for every application.
Read more